Using specified conditions, we succeeded in observing the isotropic-nematic (Iso-N) liquid crystalphase transition at surfaces followed by that in bulk for the first time. An additional heat anomaly peakwas found at a higher temperature side of a main phase transition peak using highly sensitive differentialscanning calorimetry (HS-DSC). The peak is pronounced particularly in the cooling process, since thetransition starts at surfaces on cooling. The temperature dependence of retardation allows us to safelyconclude that the higher temperature peak that appeared in HS-DSC is attributed to the Iso-N transition atsurfaces. These measurements also indicate that the surface transition is of first order. These behaviorswere theoretically explained by generalized Maier-Saupe theory.
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