Geographical information sciences (GISciences) are ready to be applied to Paleolithic archaeology because of the recent publications of (1) cyclopedic site databases in Japan and Europe and (2) paleoenvironmental datasets particularly for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This paper presents a new interdisciplinary approach to understand human evolution by means of prehistoric archaeology, paleoenvironmental sciences, and GISciences, from case studies in the Japanese Archipelago and Arabian Peninsula.