In this study, through a simple agent-based simulation (ABS) model, we examine the problems experienced by Chinese-Korean immigrants in the formation of the agricultural culture of the Yayoi period (300 BC–250 AD). We focus on two problems: 1) The sex ratio of the immigrants, and 2) who played the major role in agricultural culture in the Yayoi period. The simulation model demonstrates that when most initial immigrants were males and many native Jomon people introduced an agricultural culture in the early stage, it is more probable that the majority of people 300 years later were those with the same traits as the immigrants. These results suggest that the initial immigrants—primarily males—and those who played the major role in the agricultural culture in the early Yayoi period included many native Jomon people. Such results will influence the literature on archaeology.
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