A review. The kinetics of photoinduced reactions can be approached by laser flash photolysis techniques. Although such techniques allow for a detailed understanding of the important photophysics of mols., they normally require a substantial amount of sample for measurements (>1 nmol), and thus, they are difficult to apply to anal. and diagnostic applications. The photophysics of a fluorescent mol. can be accessed by monitoring the kinetics of the fluctuation of fluorescence, which is called blinking. Blinking is a phenomenon that can be monitored only if mols. are observed at the single-mol. level. In bulk solution, blinking kinetics can be measured by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), which normally requires >105 times less sample than that required for laser flash photolysis. Blinking is controlled to extract fruitful microenvironmental information around a fluorescent mol., by using a method named kinetic anal. based on the control of fluorescence blinking (KACB). This Concept highlights the adaptation of the KACB method to study the local conformation of DNA with <1 pmol of DNA sample.
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